Review on Major Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Authors

  • Bizelew Gelayenew

  • Getahun Asebe

Keywords:

ART, AI, assisted, technologies, IVEP

Abstract

Since early period, several reproductive technologies practiced as a prime concern for researchers, employed for genetic improvement of farm animals. This review deals with the assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) among the known approaches for genetic improvements. This review paper focused on artificial insemination (AI), estrus synchronization, multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), cryopreservation (freezing) of gametes or embryos and in vitro embryo production (IVEP). Briefly to see, AI is the manual placement of semen in the reproductive tract of the female by a method other than natural mating. AI is the most effective method being used for the genetic improvement of animals. Estrous synchronization is another process of targeting female mammals to come to heat within a short time frame (36 to 96 hours) that is to have a number of females in estrus during a very short period. Superovulation is also a method when an animal is induced (usually through use of injectable hormones) to ovulate multiple ova (the hormonal treatment for harvesting increased number of oocytes from the ovary than normal). Cryopreservation is another technique operated by storing a low temperature for a long-term storage to preserve the structurally intact living cells and tissues for extended period at a relatively low cost. The other ARTs method is embryo transfer, which is carried out on a variety of agricultural animals, to a greater or lesser extent depending on the species. IVEP includes three major steps: in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro development (IVD) of the resulting embryos. In conclusion, animal biotechnologies related to reproduction have contributed too many improvements in agriculturally important traits in livestock. Reproduction lies at the heart of any livestock breeding enterprise and is vital to maintain or increase the number of animals required for production.

How to Cite

Bizelew Gelayenew, & Getahun Asebe. (2016). Review on Major Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, 16(D8), 51–55. Retrieved from https://journalofscience.org/index.php/GJSFR/article/view/1914

Review on Major Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Published

2016-05-15