Alexander Friedman’s Cosmology of Expanding and Contracting Universe

Abstract

Einstein’s theory of general relativity describes a static Universe. However, Alexander Friedman found periodic solutions of the Einstein’s equations of general relativity, which describe periodically expanding and contracting Universe. It took Einstein 8 years to accept the Freidman’s dynamic concept, but even 90 years later we still haven’t embraced it. This article compares the Friedman’s dynamic concept of expanding and contracting universe with the ancient cosmology of periodically expanding and contracting Universe described in the ancient Hindu astronomy Surya Siddhanta. The modern cosmology of Alexander Friedman is in full agreement with the ancient astronomy. Even Friedman’s rough estimate of the time of one full cycle of expansion and contraction of the Universe (10 billion years) is astonishingly similar to the ancient exact number 8.64 billion years.