Evaluation of the Comparative Activity of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers and Toilet Soaps against some Bacterial Isolates

Authors

  • Enwa, Felix Oghenemaro

sanitizers, toilet soaps, hand washing, bacterial

Abstract

This study is aimed at comparing the activity of alcohol based hand sanitizers (Dettol ® and Lovillea ® ) and toilet soaps (Lux ® and Premier ® ) against bacterial isolates. The activity of Dettol ® and Lovillea ® was compared with the activity of Lux ® and Premier ® toilet soaps against the bacterial isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus specie and Shigella specie) obtained from the palms of some individuals in Abraka, Delta state. Susceptibility of the bacterial isolates was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method by measuring the zones of inhibition observed after 24hours of incubation. Their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were also determined using the agar dilution technique. Dettol ® hand sanitizer had the highest zones of inhibition (5mm, 5mm and 3mm) against Staph aureus, Staph epidermis and Shigella specie respectively.

How to Cite

Evaluation of the Comparative Activity of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers and Toilet Soaps against some Bacterial Isolates. (2015). Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, 15(17), 1-7. https://journalofscience.org/index.php/GJSFR/article/view/

References

N. Akimitisu, Inoue Hamamoto. H, R. Shoji, M; Akamine, A; Takemori, K. Hamasaki, N; K (1999) Increase in Resistance of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to β-Lactams Caused by Mutations Conferring Resistance to Benzalkonium Chloride, a Disinfectant Widely Used in Hospitals. 43(12), 3040-3043.

J. Andrew (2001) "Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration "Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 48(supplementary1), 5-16.

Aiello AE, Coulborn RM, Perez V, Larson EL (2008) Effect of Hand Hygiene on Infectious Disease Risk in the Community Setting: A Meta-Analysis. 98, 1372-1382.

Boyce John, M., Pittet Didier (2002) Boyce John M, Pittet Didier (October 25, 2002) "Guideline for hand hygiene in healthcare settings, Recommendations of the healthcare infection control practices advisory committee and the.

Cutis V, Cairncross S (2003) Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review. 3, 275-281.

Davison H.C, Low J.C, Wool M.E (2000) "What is antibiotic resistance and how can we measure it "Trends in microbiology. 8(12), 554-559.

Dyer D.L, Gerenriach K.B, Wadhams P.S (1998) Testing a New Alcohol‐Free Hand Sanitizer to Combat Infection. 68(2), 239-241.

Erasmus MN, J. Richards, Mc (2010) Improving hand hygiene behavior of nurses using action planning. a pilot study in the intensive care unit and surgical ward . j Hosp infect. 76, 161-164.

Evans CA (1950) Bacterial Flora of the Normal Human Skin*. 15(4), 305-324. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.1950.105

Fish D.N (2002) Optimal antimicrobial therapy for sepsis. 1, 513-519.

Fredrickson J.K, Zachara J.M, Kennedy Balkwill D.L, Li S.M, Kostand h.m, Daly M.S, Romie M.F, Brockman F.J (2004) Geomicrobiology of high level nuclear waste. Contaminated vadose sediments at the Hanford sites Washington states. 70(7), 4330-41.

F. Geo (2004) microbiological approach to clinical medicine. 45, 493-496.

L. Gibson, J. Rose, C. Haas, C. Gerba, P. Rusin (2002) Quantitative assessment of risk reduction from hand washing with antibacterial soaps. 92, 136S-143S. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.92.5s1.17.x

Watsn Harrington G, L. Barley M, G (2007) Reduction in Hospitalwide Incidence of Infection or Colonization with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus With Use of Antimicrobial Hand-Hygiene Gel and Statistical Process Control Charts. 28(7), 837-844. https://doi.org/10.1086/518844

R. Hay (1993) Fungi and fungal infections of the skin, In: Noble WC, editor: The skin microflora and microbial skin disease. 1993, 232-263.

E. Heise (1982) Diseases associated with immunosuppression. 43, 9-19. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.82439

John Hibbard (2005) Analyses Comparing the Antimicrobial Activity and Safety of Current Antiseptic Agents. 28(3), 194-207. https://doi.org/10.1097/00129804-200505000-00008

Ishiga T, Honda K, Shimuzu S (2005) Whole organism biocatalysis. 9(2), 174-180.

Jimenez L, Chaing M (2006) Virucidal activity of a quaternary ammonium compound: a surrogate for norovirus. 34(5), 269-273.

Johson PD, martin R, burrell lJ, grabsch EA, kirsa SW (2005) Efficacy of an alcohol/chlorhexidine hand hygiene program in a hospital with high rates of nosocomial methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. 183(10), 509-514. https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb07151.x

Günter Kampf, Axel Kramer (2004) Epidemiologic background of hand hygiene and evaluation of the most important agents for scrubs and rubs clinical microbiology Review. 17(4), 863-893. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.17.4.863-893.2004

Katherine Harmon (2009) "Bugs inside: what happens when the microbes keep us healthy Disappear?.

Axel Kramer, Peter Rudolph, Gonter Kampf, Didier Pittet (2002) "Limited efficacy of alcohol based hand gels" lancet. 359(9316), 1489-1490. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)08426-x

Lark (2001) An outbreak of coagulase negative Staphylococcus surgical site infections following aortic valve replacement infection control and Hospital epidemiology. 22, 618-623.

Larson EL, early E, cloonon P, sugrue S, parades M (2000) An Organizational Climate Intervention Associated With Increased Handwashing and Decreased Nosocomial Infections. 26(1), 14-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/08964280009595749

Lee YL (1994) Colonization by Staphylococcus species resistant to methicillin or quinolone on hands of medical personnel in a skilled-nursing facility. 22(6), 346-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/0196-6553(94)90033-7

P. Liu, Hsiao Yuen Y, Jaykus H.M, L.A, Moe C (2010) Effectiveness of Liquid Soap and Hand Sanitizer against Norwalk Virus on Contaminated Hands. 76(2), 394-399.

Harald Loffler, Gunter Kampf (2008) "Hand disinfection: How irritant are alcohol?. 70, 44-48.

C. Mackintosh, P. Hoffman (1984) An extended model for transfer of micro-organisms via the hands: differences between organisms and the effect of alcohol disinfection.

Thomas Sandora (2008) Reducing Absenteeism From Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Illness in Elementary School Students: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of an Infection-Control Intervention. 0031-4005.

Sears CL (2005) A dynamic partnership: Celebrating our gut flora. 11(5), 247-51.

Son c, chuk t, childers T, Dowching usick S (2011) practically speaking rethinking hand hygiene improvement programs in health care setting. 92, 345-55.

R. Marples, A. Towers (1979) A laboratory model for the investigation of contact transfer of micro-organisms. 82(2), 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400025651

Leopoldo Montes, Walter Wilborn (1969) LOCATION OF BACTERIAL SKIN FLORA*. 81(s1), 23-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb12829.x

Patrick Findon, G. Miller, T. (1997) Residual moisture determines the level of touch-contactassociated bacterial transfer following hand inject control. 39, 716-24.

John Turnidge, Mary Ferraro, James Jorgensen (2003) Susceptibility Test Methods: General Considerations. 1115-1121. https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555816728.ch67

University of Virginia caralier daily. March 26, Research shows hand sanitizers more effected against cold.

(2000) WHO report 2000, General world health organization 164.

M. Wilson, L. Pederson, E. Held, J. Johansen, T. Agner (2005) Less skin irritation from alcohol based disinfectants than from detergent used for hand disinfection. 119(6), 36.

Hanns Pietsch (2001) Hand antiseptics: rubs versus scrubs, alcoholic solutions versus alcoholic gels. 48(suppl A), S33-S36. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0195-6701(01)90010-6

Pittet D, Allegranzi B, Byce J (2009) The World Health Organization Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care and Their Consensus Recommendations. 611-622.

A. Klein (2009) Microbiology (6th Edition).

;. Limited, P. Price (1938) The bacteriology of normal skin: a new quantitative test applied to a study of the bacterial flora and the disinfectant action of mechanical cleansing. 63, 40.

DJ (1987) Microbiologic flora of human fingernails. 12, 41.

Lisa Saiman (2004) Microbiology of early CF lung disease. 5, S367-S369. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1526-0542(04)90065-6

Evaluation of the Comparative Activity of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers and Toilet Soaps against some Bacterial Isolates

Published

2015-05-01

How to Cite

Evaluation of the Comparative Activity of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers and Toilet Soaps against some Bacterial Isolates. (2015). Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, 15(17), 1-7. https://journalofscience.org/index.php/GJSFR/article/view/