# I. Introduction he use of the sensitivity functions of agricultural plants gives the opportunity to program productivity, requirements for machines and technologies, and the means of application of solid mineral fertilizers in the agricultural system (Pyataev M.V. 2014). The technological process of supplying different types of solid mineral fertilizers with structural machines consists of several technological operations that determine its direction (Mitchell D.1975). In order to prepare the technological process of introduction of solid mineral fertilizers, it is necessary to know the methods of application of fertilizers, their physical and mechanical properties, and to have machine complexes that ensure the fulfillment of agrotechnical and ecological requirements during cultivation (OST. 70. 71 -2000). Machines with a centrifugal working body apply powder and granular fertilizers over a large variable working width (Simakin A. I. 1988, Sedashkin, A. et.al. 2013). The main drawback of these machines is the uneven distribution of fertilizers, especially when working on slopes. These traditional disadvantages of the work of machines with centrifugal working bodies are the main reason for the intensive search for other constructive solutions. Therefore, machines with centrifugal working bodies are improved both in our country and abroad mainly in order to improve the uniformity of sowing and increase productivity.One of the main agrotechnical indicators of the operation of mineral fertilizing machines is the provision of even distribution of mineral fertilizers in the field (Abbasov ?.D. 2011, Alakbarov J. Q. et.al. 2001). Due to the soil climate in the republic, for a number of reasons, it is advisable to use additional sowing of fertilizers in excess of the basic norm. First of all, this allows to refuse the production and release of a large number of technical means (Merzlikin A.S., et.al. 1995). As already mentioned, it is necessary to accurately determine the fertilizer rate for the planting stock of fertilizer plants.Compliance with this condition also requires the high quality of fertilizers: nutrients, humidity, granulometric result and the strength of granules, which affects more distribution of sowing on the field (Alakbarov F. 2016). This is due to the fact that, for the first time, machines equipped with working bodies of the disc spreader type are larger than the design width of the working width of the machine itself (Sendryakov I.F., et. al. 1976., Klyatis L.M., et.al., 1979 ). Therefore, it is necessary to mark the field or equip the machines with markers to ensure the desired working width. It causes environmental pollution. The inhomogeneity of the field of nutrients created during fertilization is the main reason for the unevenness of many crops ( Mitchell D. 1974, Nasonov V.A. 1984). Cereal plants also cause yield loss, some plants can reach 25-60%. According to the literature, depending on the structural characteristics of the sown and the quality of the fertilizers sown, the applied fertilizer can be unevenly distributed between T Author: "Agromechanika" Scientific Research Institute Aziz Aliyev 93, AZ2000, Ganja city, Azerbaijan. e-mail: genclik79@mail.ru Abstract-Fertile and nutritious soil is the main condition for increasing the productivity of cereal crops in agriculture. By adding mineral fertilizers to the soil, nutrients are added to the nutrients in the soil and enrich it by increasing its fertility. Even distribution of fertilizers in the field is one of the main conditions that increase its efficiency. It is not possible to increase the productivity infinitely by increasing the fertilizer rate. 40-60% of the norm, which leads to nutrient deficiency. (?damchuk ?.V. et.al. 2004(?damchuk ?.V. et.al. ,Ostanin A. I., et.al.,1971) ) An increase in the distribution rate of uneven strength fertilizers to 70-80%, a decrease in the yield of cereals by 11-15 s/ha was observed. The researchers of foreign scientists can also find that the yield in the areas paid for by fertilizers, the applied application of uneven fertilizers, the yield is on average 15% higher. Therefore, it is advisable to study the impact of local and foreign materials and the quality of fertilizer payment on the entire field, and the application of uneven fertilization machines of the field is created (Bagirov B. et. al. 2018). # II. Material and Methods Research studies were conducted through literature, patent and internet searches, as well as advanced advanced research. When checking the newly developed combined plough, the established standards were used: ( The main indicators of the goal determined in the process of farm trials are: 1. Ensuring the equality of distribution of fertilizers on the working area,%; 2. Ensuring the equality of distribution of the fertilizer application rate along the length of the machine passage,%. # The purpose of the technological process and the evaluation of the quality indicator include the following: 1. Deviation of the actual application norm from the set norm; 2. Determining the unevenness of the application; 3. Determining the unevenness of the fertilizers along and across the field; 4. Determination of the working speed of the machine for uniform spreading of fertilizers; 5. Determining the productivity of the machine for uniform spreading of fertilizers. Fertilizer application rate (Q) in kilograms per hectare is calculated by the following formula: Research Results of a Combined Machine that Increases Productivity in Grain Farming Here: q -the mass of fertilizers sown during the repetition of the experiment, gr; L -length of the calculation area, m; B -the width of the combined plough, m The accuracy of the actual fertilizer application rate from the normalized determination as a percentage of the application working width (Î?"Q) is checked by the following formulas: ???? = ?? ?? -?? ð??"ð??" ?? ð??"ð??" 10 2 ; (3.7.2) Q = Q y1 ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ð??"ð??" ?? ð??"ð??" ?? ð??"ð??" ; (3.7.3) Here: Q y -is the norm of fertilizer application, the actual worker of the application reduces the best, kg / ha -1 ; Q f -the actual rate of fertilizers in the working width of the application at the beginning of the application period, kg / ha -1; Q y1 -set fertilizer rate, kg/ha;. The testing program of the solid mineral fertilizer dispensing machine includes: 1. Technical expertise; 2. Evaluation of the purpose and technical characteristics of the car; 3. To evaluate the performance of the process; 4. Assessment of the quality of the technological process. # III. Results The structural model shown in Fig. 1. can be used to estimate the cost impact of uneven fertilization. However, research conducted in the republic and abroad has determined that the application of fertilizers in the scattering of modern machines causes not only fertilizer loss, but also environmental pollution. The actual anthropogenic characteristics of the soil in the fields depend on the uneven application of fertilizers by machines with spreading working bodies, which often varies up to 40 ... 60% in farm conditions. At the same time, the use of high rates of fertilizers leads to an increase in the risks associated with a decrease in productivity as a result of low-quality fertilization. The high static strength of granular fertilizers at least 2.0 MPa ensures preservation of the granulometric content of fertilizers during application of fertilizers with modern machines. # Fig. 1: Structural Model of Uneven Fertilization Management According to the modern strategy, all decisions related to soil-plant impact are based on the average parameters of the cultivated area. If the illegality of the application exceeds the agrotechnical requirements, the content will be as follows(Pyataev M.V.,2010): 1. Exponential increase in the price of irreplaceable energy; 2. Increase in environmental pollution; 3. High variability of productivity and product quality. All the above-mentioned indicators of the properties of fertilizers and technologies of application of fertilizers in the cultivation of plants were obtained while developing the agrotechnical requirements of new fertilizer spreading machines. As can be seen in the picture Fig. 2, two ATP-2 fertilizer spreaders were installed on the plough. Movement of the devices is provided by the support wheel of the plough. The rate of fertilizer application is regulated by the change of stars. The scheme of technological process of the combined plough is shown in Fig. 2. The combined plough consists of two ATP-2 fertilizer spreaders (3) mounted on a Turkish-made SP-12 4-body plough (1). Fertilizers (3) receive movement from the plough support wheel (7) by means of chain transmissions (2). The support wheel is equipped with rebar to prevent slipping. Fertilizers, moving from the support wheel, spread the fertilizer under the plow through four fertilizer pipes (5). A smooth spreader ( 8) is attached to the outlet of the pipes to ensure even distribution of fertilizers. The use of a combined plough before plowing completely reduces the operation of fertilizer application by fertilizer machines, its cost and labor costs, while ensuring high efficiency of fertilizer use, ie the submission of fertilizer to the ground prevents its loss, ensures even distribution, etc. In addition, it saves a lot of time and allows you to perform operations in a short time (Qurbanov H.N., 2023). The experimental studies of the laboratory products of the technological process of sowing of solid mineral fertilizers show that the technological process of the fertilizer sowing norm is observed during the removal of granular fertilizer with a physical weight of more than 300 kg/ha. In addition, in addition, uneven distribution of fertilizer parts falling from the flow pipe in the soil is observed, which is around 40%. Experimental studies were carried out in the laboratory on the basis of a suitable device for 4 angle slope checks of the newly made smooth scattering part(Qurbanov H.N., 2022). In the laboratory, the main 3 types of fertilizers were selected (urea, double superphosphate, potassium chloride) and the spreading percentages of the poured fertilizer were additionally determined in 8 partitioned containers. Due to the fact that the working width of the cranberry in the plough trunk is 35 cm, the required spreading width D=35.2 cm, the angle of the cone tg ? =30 degrees, cone height h = 5.5 cm, and cone diameter d = 6.35 cm are taken from Table 4.8. The clearance distance between the cone and the wall Z =1 cm and the charge distance from the cone h 1 = 25 cm are taken as fixed values. In order to verify the reliability of the control studies, to improve the proposed design of the machine and to justify its operating modes, field studies are determined, which ensures the spreading of fertilizers in the field. For urea fertilizer Y = 93.9 -0.75 X 1 -1.59 X 2 + 0.1 X 1 X 2 For double superphosphate fertilizer Y = 95.04 -0.57 X 1 -1.84 X 2 -0.18 X 1 X 2 For potassium chloride fertilizer Y = 95.50 -0.33 X 1 -1.28 X 2 -0.17 From the graph in Fig. 13, it is clear that Wsepthe 1st factor that most affects the sowing productivity Q -fertilizer rate, 2nd factor B-spread worker width,3-the less influential factor V is the speed of movement of the machine. 12. Overall economic benefit dollars ---40956.93 Table 5 shows a comparative analysis of technological operations (Merzlikin A. S., et. al. 1999). Thus, the smooth and even distribution of mineral fertilizers in the field with the use of combined plough increases the productivity in grain growing from a minimum of 26 s/ha to 32 s/ha. If we calculate that a kilogram of wheat costs about 21 cents, 600 kg per hectare allows us to get an economic benefit of 123.5 dollars/ha, and during the season -3200 hectares of land with an economic benefit of 40 003 dollars. 23![Fig. 2: Combined Plough. (a) Side View 1-plough frame, 2-chain transmission, 3-fertilizer, 4-fertilizer connecting frame to plough, 5-fertilizer transfer pipe, 6-plough body 7moving support wheel, 8-smooth spreader,](image-2.png "Fig. 2 :Fig. 3 :") 4![Fig. 4: Device for Determining the Scattering Equation of a Smooth Disperser 1-main support; 2-tripod; 3; 4 -holder; 5 -fertilizer box; 6 -valve regulating the fertilizer rate; 7 -cover of the fertilizer pipe; 8fertilizer pipe; 9 -pendulum cone; 10 -fertilizer distributor; 11 -partition; 12 -partition container for pouring fertilizer;13 -regulating the inclination along the vertical support](image-3.png "Fig. 4 :") 5![Fig. 5: Laboratory Tests Conducting a field trial. A sloping site in the Goy-Gol area was chosen for the implementation of the experimental research.Before starting the research, 3 types of fertilizers were taken, moisture was measured with a KE-108 measuring device, 9% in urea; it was 8% in double superphosphate and 8% in potassium chloride.](image-4.png "Fig. 5 :") 678![Fig. 6: A Field TestThe inclination of the slope was measured with an "Eklimeter" brand device, with an inclination of 5°, 10°, 15°, and the research area was selected. Soil moisture was measured with a KE-108. device and was 18%](image-5.png "Fig. 6 :Fig. 7 :Fig. 8 :") 10![Fig. 10: Optimization Graph of Cone Parameters](image-6.png "Fig. 10 :") 11![Fig. 11: Distribution Graph of Mineral Fertilizers in the Soil with the Amazone ZA M-1500 Machine and the Experimental MachineThe results of the research work, the table IV and the fig.11clearly show that the Amazon ZA M-1500 machine distributes fertilizers unevenly in the field. The regression equation is obtained for a smooth uniform scattering (Melnikov S.V., 1980).](image-7.png "Fig. 11 :") 212![Fig. 12: Percentage of Even Distribution of Fertilizer on Slopes Experiment planning plays a key role in the efficient and speeding up of research work. The planning of the experiment is to experiment on the factors that seriously affect the function by reducing the number of factors without taking into account the low values of the factors that affect the function by identifying multifactor dependencies.For this purpose, the regression equation of the multi-factor function of scattering productivity is drawn up using the grapho-analytical method.](image-8.png "X 1 X 2 SFig. 12 :") ![](image-9.png "") ![](image-10.png "") ![](image-11.png "") 1?distribution angle, tg ?h, height smd, diameter, smcone-to-wall clearance distance (Z), smh 1 , distribution distance from the cone to sm the partitions,D, spread width, sm1.2032.1812520.382.2132.3012521.493.223.52.8312523.034.233.52.9712524.195.2443.5612525.826.2543.7312526.877.264.54.3912528.778.274.54.5912530.069.2855.3212531.9010.2955.5412533.2611.305.56.3512535.2012.315.56.6112536.6513.3267.4912538.7414.3367.7912540.2615.346.58.7712542.4916.356.59.1012544.1117.36710.1712546.5018.37710.5512548.2319.387.511.7212550.7820.397.512.1512552.6421.40813.4412555.38 2IndicatorNumerical indicatorProductivity, ha/hour0.7...0.9Working width, m1,4Number of working bodies, PCS4Weight, kg700Overall dimensions, mmLength3120Width1700Height1300Working depth, cm20...22Working speed, km/h3.9...6One working width, mm350Number of bunkers, PCS2Bunker capacity, dm 345Norm of mineral fertilizer applied per 1 ha, kg65...328Type of attachment to the tractorhangingAggregates with 30 kN class tractors1 3Year 20231 29V ersion IIIIueIssName of IndicatorsUreafertilizer0°Inclinationangle 5° 10°15°Volume XXIIIEqualdistribution, %96.0894.6592.1788.81( D )In the 1 st period of the fertilizer shaft, gram Doublesuperphosphatefertilizer 82.57 Equaldistribution, % 97.63 In the 1 st period of the fertilizer shaft, gram 129.2681.32 96.85 128.2379.22 94.34 124.9176.32 92.82 122.89Frontier ResearchPotassiumchloridefertilizer Equaldistribution, % 96.95 In the 1 st period of the fertilizer shaft, gram 118.7496.62 118.3494.72 116.0293.72 114.79of ScienceWhen the fertilizers were spread evenly in the laboratory, urea was 92.37%, double superphosphate was 94.96%, and potassium chloride was 95.42%. SlopeGlobal JournalIndicators0°5°10°15°AMAZONE ZA M -1500Amount of fertilizer thrown from the left disc, kg12.313.931519.93Amount of fertilizer thrown from the right disc, kg 12.311.8610.339.33Equal distribution, %10085.1468.8746.81© 2023 Global Journals 4 1Year 20231 31V ersion IIIIueIssVolume XXIIIs/s 1. 2.The name of indicators Productivity Duration of technological operationmeasurement ha/h h Unit ofSP -12 plough 0.72 450Amazone ZA M -1500 5.12 450 Mechanization options Single time operations Total 0.72 450Combined plough 0.72 450 ExperimentalFrontier Research ( D )3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9 10.Capital investment Depreciation expense Current repair and maintenance costs Fuel and lubricant costs Operating costs Costs incurred Economic efficiency in grain growing Economic efficiencydollars dollars dollars/ha dollars/ha dollars dollars dollars kg/ha ha/dollars8.17 398.22 16.40 12.23 1346.9 1348.94 ---20.05 3.4 6.48 1.72 931.91 936.92 ---28.22 401.62 22.88 13.95 2278.80 2285.86 ---14.88 399.18 17.89 1348.74 1352.45 933.40 600 123.53 12.23Global Journal of Science11.Economic efficiency during the growingdollars---40023.53season in grain growingt---194.4© 2023 Global Journals 5 * ?DAbbasov Food security and agricultural priorities. Baku: Science and education 2011 640 * Fertilizers and their use FAlakbarov 2016 84 Baku * Technical support of agrarian production JQAlakbarov IIIsmayilov 2001 157 Baku * Mechanization of fertilization BBagirov AAliyev 2018 Sabah Baku * Technical means of the new generation for sowing of mineral fertilizers // Tractors and agricultural machines ?V?damchuk V?Moiseenko 2004 * Theoretical studies of the movement of particles of fertilizer on the growing body // Tractors and agricultural machinery. -?12 VVAdamchuk 2003 * Problems of coordinated agriculture and their solutions RAAfanasyev / R.A. Afanasyev -M .: TSHA 2006 * Scientific work" international scientific journal. Materials of the VII ?nternational scientific research conference HNQurbanov 10.36719/2663-4619/2022/3/1 2022. 11 February 2022 * HNQurbanov World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering 17 2023. 2023 * Organizational aspects of the rational use of fertilizers and other chemicals. //Chemistry in agriculture ASMerzlikin OINovikova 1995 * Problems of economics of chemicalization of agriculture ASMerzlikin VPProshlyakov 1999 2 * VNIITEISH, Mechanization of preparation and application of solid mineral fertilizers: an overview MKlyatisl BMaksimova 1979 66 * Accracy counts /D. Mitchell.//Power farming DMitchell 1975. 1975 * Unevenapplikation leads to clacre gran losses DMitchell / D. Mitchell 1974 * Substantiation of seeding processes and parameters of dosing working bodies of a wide-cut grain seeder with a centralized sowing system: thesis VANasonov Sciences / V.A. Nasonov. -Glevakha 1984 189 * Machines for applying mineral fertilizers, lime materials and gypsum. /Program and test methodology. Ministry of Agriculture of Russia OST. 70.71 -2000 2000 * On the uniformity of the application of mineral fertilizers AIOstanin LSZlobina 1971 45 * Planning an experiment in the study of agricultural processes AleshkinvV RMelnikovs MRoschinp 1980 nd ed., revised. and additional -L.: Kolos, -168 s * Methodology and results of experimental studies of the distributor of a pneumatic zarnotukovy seeder MVPyataev Bulletin of ChGAA 11 2010 * Physical and mechanical properties of fertilizers intended for the preparation of fertilizer mixtures//Chemistry in agriculture IFSendryakov BAGlovatsky 11. -26 s 1976 * Optimization of the fertilizer system and technological methods of cultivation of spring wheat in the northern part of the foreststeppe of the middle Volga region: dis. s.-x IMSerzhanov Sciences -Kazan 471 2013 * DVSivukhin General course of physics. D.V. Sivukhin -M .: MIPT,T. I. Mechanics.-560 p 2005 * Fertilizers, soil fertility and yield under conditions of intensive farming AISimakin 1988 Prince. out 270 Krasnodar * Physical chemistry: textbook. for chem. specialist AGStromberg DPSemchenko A. G. Stromberg. -7 2009 27 th ed., ster. -M .: Vyssh. school * // Resource-saving environmentally safe technologies for the production and processing of agricultural products: materials of the IX International . scientificpractical. conf., dedicated 85th anniversary of the birth and memory of prof ASedashkin Kostrigina NDaskini S. A. Lap-shina.Part 2 2013. 2013 Publishing House of Mordov. un-ta Saransk